Impact of War, Conflict & Terrorism on the UPS Essay

If there is a war and NATO decides that the UK needs to provide direct military action then the British Army will have to be prepared. War affects the army as an organisation because it means they will lose soldiers and have to retrain new ones. An example of this would be the crash of Nimrod XV230 which killed everyone on board, that highlighted the cost-pressure of the war. The training and recruiting of troops is expensive enough but to constantly sustain the high amount of soldiers that is required in a war such as Afghanistan it comes with great financial struggles, some soldiers have even had to do multiple tours in Afghanistan. Financial cuts are just getting more severe as well, in 2010 there were 102,000 trained personnel ready to support the UK but by the year 2020 there is only going to be 82,000. With this come more struggle and a more intense battle for any soldier fighting in a war in the future. Providing soldiers for a war also puts strain on welfare officers as they are the ones who have to deal with helping the wounded, grieving families and children who have lost fathers. Because the UK have had to provide such a strong army for many years now and have lost so much funding it means that they can’t afford to keep on anyone who is badly injured and those who claim compensation will not receive anything near what they may have in the past, this will directly affect the economy as these injured soldiers may not be able to return to a civilian job and will claim benefits. The war in Afghanistan caused the army to be equipped with a lot of new high tech equipment in a really short space of time, this meant they had to operate and maintain this equipment which weighs down logistics and is very costly in the long run. It seems that the more war the UK Army has to deal with the more money it is costing them, and with that comes setbacks and redundancies. This could lead to a lack of morale from the service men and women as they are being asked to do more but for fewer advantages. Another key issue from personnel at war besides physical injuries would be the mental damage they suffer. Statistics from the MOD show that between April and June 2013 there was 1367 new cases of  personnel suffering with a mental disorder in the Armed Forces, putting them at the highest amount of mental disorder sufferers than any of the other services. That’s just within a three month period, and with Afghanistan tours running every six or ninth months it just seems that number will rapidly heighten. Overall it seems the main impact the British Army suffers from when it comes to War is the financial cut backs. They are expected to do so much and constantly provide strong soldiers yet they aren’t seeing much in return. CONFLICT Conflict undercuts or destroys environmental, physical, human and social capital, destroying all available opportunities for a sustainable development. So saying that makes it clear that it is going to directly affect the well-being of the British Army because it results in the loss of lives and in some cases human rights. It is said that the British Army has been involved in some form of conflict for around 100 years now, so you could almost say it’s just part of the job and something you have to deal with. But similar to war, conflict has its effects, mentally and physically. There is a thin line between what makes a war and what makes a conflict therefore the effects are very similar, just the effects of a war would be on a much larger scale. Constant conflict is a burden for the UK army as it takes time away from training and puts pressure on troops to be sent out on a mission before they are ready. In some cases soldiers only have 6 months training before they are deployed somewhere, whereas others take part in training for a much longer period in time before sent anywhere. Conflict will also increase the stress levels within the British army which can lead to more serious problems such as extreme physical and emotional exhaustion. There is also the obvious factor that conflict can lead to war if it gets out of hand, which then would lead back to all the affects war has on the Army. Overall it seems that conflict affects the British Army in the exact same ways that a War does however just not on such a grand scale. TERRORISM Terrorism directly affects the British Army as they have to actively engage in counter-terrorism operations across the world. The main reason the British Army sends troops out to Afghanistan is to get rid of the Taliban regime and Al Qaeda, a well-known terrorist organisation. The British Army  enforces anti-terrorism alongside providing humanitarian aid. Not only does the British Army have to get rid of Al Qaeda but they also have to make sure they cannot return, this is a tough and time consuming task that has seen the death of many service personnel. Reference: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/15212871 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/285196/30_june_2013.pdf http://www.unep.org/dewa/Africa/publications/AEO-2/content/203.htm http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/operations-deployments.aspx http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Your_Guide_to_the_Intelligence_Corps.pdf

Why Do Sports Matter

† Champion aren't made In the gyms. Champions are made from something they have Inside them – a desire, a dream, a vision† (Muhammad All). Sports are the basic of everything that a person learns in his/her childhood. There is no known date or time when the sports started. Played from the day the mankind exists. Sometimes played for recreation, sometimes play, sometimes money and sometimes for the pride. There are some people who are not keeping with the sportsmanship in the game and are using some other means to enhance their performance. Sports first played officially In the times of the Romans.When the first time the mall Olympic were held was In the Athens. Now the sports and games came a long way. The standard of the games have increased a lot in the past few years. The competition in the games has increased a lot. The prize money have also increased a lot in the game, from the crown of olive leaves the 1. 6 billion dollars in the past few years. This drastic c hange/elevation in the amount have lead in the increase of the interest in the games as they see a lot of money In these games Firstly considered he waste of time by the people and later became the source of earning money and recreation.Sports are means of physical and mental growth. Sports Increase our capabilities and also improve our efficiency. According to the peoples in the past the sports are just the waste if time which could be utilized in some better ways. As some of the business mans realize that sports is a great way to earn money they invested there money In it. Some of the people think that study is everything and children must be emphasized more on the studies this Is something that I completely disagree with.Everyone got his/her own credibility and we cannot change and we must not change that spouse if Michael Cordon's family asked him to study not to play and didn't provide him the source from the day he was in school. Sports are now a day a great career to be selec ted, as there is a lot of money in it. Sports teaches us the discipline in which the particular sports is to be played and the way in which one must be coordinative with his/her team members, develops In us team spirit. Sports make us mentally and physically more tough and also help us to malignant our body In good heap and make us more active and more stronger.Sports teach the ability of leadership and working under the order of someone. Sports are great way in which one can learn the ability of patience and the ability to accept the defeat. These are some things that most of us find very difficult to learn. As Wifely Shed describes in his writing † the money in the sports is only for the business mans, not for the players† (Willful Shed). The author here want to put emphasis on how the players are exploited by the team owners, as the players are to given the money which they should be given in return of there hard work.As coin has two sides, it is same in the case of s ports and games. There are certain things related with the sports that are not spouse to be part of it. Use of steroids and other performance enhancing products are used very frequently now a days by the players in different sports like bodybuilding, athletics etc. According to news now each and every player in the baseball is on drugs. A-Rod himself in the interview have approved that he was taking some kind of performance enhancing drugs.Some of them are forced to do that but some of them are Just taking them so that they could do better in the games. As the level of competition is raising now the level of usage of steroids is also climbing towards the sky at the same peace. These professional athletes are getting paid a lot of money because they are doing really well in their sports, and why are they doing well? It may be because they have a lot of talent and put a lot of time in training, but also a lot of it could be the use off performance enhancing drugs. So essentially they are getting paid to take the drugs.The athletes that are using the drugs are increasing their talent substantially, and making the honest athletes that aren't taking drugs look bad as they are not getting so many homeruns or get as many quarterback sacks. Now I feel this is not how it should be. The athletes should be tested more frequently, and the ones caught with drugs should be put to a stop as this is spoiling the whole meaning of the sports and fun. Its not only the drug issue but there are certain other issues that are related with the games. Racist discrimination is one of the common things that we encounter in he sports and games.Racism has been a stain on the soul of soccer for generations, and not only in the soccer but also other sports too. If there is a match between a black and a white man the whole community of blacks and the whites think to be the match of there prides. Women's are also criticized in the sports and this thing is becoming common in these days. Women are Just considered good for cheerleaders and some things that they can't be good players but the people forget about the William sisters how they raised the bar by their consistency.Women's are Just thought to be a sort of entertaining thing in the sports, as they look sexy when they are dressed in the cheerleader's dresses. There are always two side of everything this is upon us that which side is worth considering. Sports are very helpful in maintain a good body and moreover it teaches us good morals. Only thing I want to say is that sports are the essential part of our life and we must enjoy it and live that life too. And folks if you want to get rid of this drugs thing than we need to get hard, the players must be checked more frequently to get it done and the against it must be made more strict.

The role of the U.S. Military in keeping internatinal peace Essay

The role of the U.S. Military in keeping internatinal peace - Essay Example To the extent that U.S. military force can enhance international stability and the durability of the types of legitimate governments that would address these issues seriously and effectively, it may have an important role to play. In dealing with the threat posed by tyrannies in Asian countries the United States attempts to promote strains within the patron-client relationship. Locally generated conflicts, or at least some types of these conflicts, can have severe security implications for states friendly to, or allied with, the United States and by indirect means for the United States itself (Sturkey20). Indeed, the US administration has highlighted the danger that such contingencies could pose to the United States when he cited the Iranian air attack on Kuwaiti oil fields as an example of the vulnerability of Persian Gulf facilities-notably those of Saudi Arabia-to sneak attack Other contingencies pose dangers that may not have evoked presidential comment, but are no less important for their latency. Not every local contingency can be expected to have the impact of the seizure of Abyssinia on the fortunes of the global balance, but indifference to anything other than the obvious threat could mistakenly be p erceived as impotence and lead to a concatenation of events climaxing in a conflict (Sturkey24). The history of US military peacekeeping operations goes back to the Cold War years and is closely connected with armed conflicts between nation-states. Following Zwanenburg (2005): 'A definition of' peacekeeping operations' by the UN in 199) reflects the main principles over the years, a peacekeeping operation has come to he defined as an operation involving military personnel" (17). Local contingencies may indeed involve full-scale wars between two states. The Iran-Iraq war, the Horn of Africa conflict, which lasted some nine months, and the shorter conflicts between Pakistan and India in 1971, between China and Vietnam and between the Yemens in 1979 all involved major force commitments between combatant states. At the other extreme, a local "contingency" might extend beyond the boundaries of the state in question. With the hindsight of a decade, one might classify the 1969 dethronement of King Idris of Libya as such an event. Less obvious, but potentially important for long-term U. S. influence in West Africa, might be the removal of the Tolbert regime by a previously obscure master sergeant named, appropriately enough, Doe. Falling between these extremes, with extremity defined by the level of armed force committed in each case, are various forms of popular uprisings against a government in power. Here a distinction might be made between relatively swift overthrow of government, notably coups and mass civilian revolts, and drawn-out guerrilla operations (Sturkey 32). Of the civilian revolts not directly involving the superpowers, by far the most serious for international stability was that which took place in Iran. The revolt against the shah clearly was locally inspired, though it was not immune from foreign (notably Soviet) encouragement. Popular feeling against the shah was manifest in a wide array of "disparate groups, classes and individuals" (Sturkey43). The

Sport Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sport Management - Essay Example So when he plays the game, supported by his performance, is the behavior which results in him scoring a basket or not. Then the outcome of the scoring is the consequence which makes him happy. His happiness is his satisfaction, which gives him inner peace. Other congratulate him and he is proud of himself for which he is given the feedback of performing in the same spirit again. (Lussier et al., 2008) As far as sports are concerned, the best motivation tool for a sports man is self-interest. Without that hardly any sportsman succeeds to keep moving in the long run. Sports are a passion for most, but dies with time due to physical exhaustion and other de-motivating factors. But when the tool of self-interest steps in which asks them the basic question of ‘what is in it for me’, they reconsider. This is one of the basic and most important aspects of motivation which means creating win win situations. Expectations also play a vital role for a sportsman. If he/she is confident, optimistic and positive about his role and performance in a game, he/she is most likely to be motivated within him. Such a person would perform in his best capacity expecting productive outcomes for him and his team. (Peak Performance, 2011) A study by Pat Riley, the current coach of Miami Heat and ex-coach of New York Knicks, showed a simple method on how a failure can be turned into a success and how to motivate sportsmen in his book ‘The Winner Within’. An important and easy way to motivate any sportsman can be convincing him to watch his own success performance. Recording the success in sport and then watching it again will motivate him to improve further in his game. If he realized a mistake he will try to avoid it in the next game and turn it around for a greater performance. (Riley, 2007) Motivation can be intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic is more from within one and the goals are smart,

Management Planning Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Planning Paper - Essay Example Management Techniques Business Ethics form an important part of the culture of the businesses. They are very important when it comes to the normal functioning of businesses in this world. The company had made almost 65 acquisitions or mergers in only 6 years. Integrating is a lengthy process, time consuming and a very challenging exercise as there may be people who may resist these changes and create problems. The second aspect is to integrate financially by the use of the generally accepted accounting principles. It is believed generally that because of these practices of integration WorldCom was successfully able to hide its practices. The unethical issues in the company arose when the company started to face problems from the decreasing demand of telecommunications. It is then believed that the senior executives of the company were involved in fraudulent activities. (Kiron et al 2004; Worldcom Website 2010; Securities and Exchange Commission 2003) The company is designed to follow the accounting standards through which they can make accounts and these accounts are then analyzed by the managers and head of the organizations. Managers are given the sole authority to check over the employees when they face any difficulties in the culture of WorldCom. The problems faced by the workers are solved keeping in mind the view about corporate social responsibility. The firm follows strict corporate social responsibility measures which should be followed by the employees. Issues faced by WorldCom WorldCom faced a series of blows when they were targeted by the media and it was found that the company was involved in fraudulent activities. There were three major problems with the corporate culture and their style of working. The first one was the way they grew through aggressive acquisition of companies, second was the strategy of senior executive loans and the third and foremost was the way in which they did business which was against the code of corporate governance and had exposed them to threats related to fair and arm’s lengths transactions (Kiron et al 2004; Securities and Exchange Commission 2003) The acquisitions and mergers have been mentioned above where it can be clearly seen that WorldCom made a large number of acquisitions in a short time and this created for the company as a whole. It is analyzed that the senior executives of WorldCom such as the CEO Ebbers were personally devoted to financial success and because of this they started doing unethical activities at the company. It was because of the negative role of the senior executives that unethical practices flourished at WorldCom as they created such an organization culture which did not question anyone in the firm. Hence it can be said that fraudulent activities even at the lower designations was taking place at a higher rate. Hence it can be clearly identified here that inefficiency of the leader at WorldCom caused more of these ethical issues to arise (Kotter & Heskett 1992 ). The Company did not properly follow the accounting standards, while preparing the accounts to show that the profits were increasing but in fact they were not. This had led to increase profits by charging the expenses to decades instead of a few years, recognizing revenue in the same year and prove that the company had huge

Curriculum Foundations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Curriculum Foundations - Research Paper Example The first part is to cover all the important events up to the end of the civil war while the second part to proceed with all the reconstructions through to the present. It aims and overcoming all the shortcomings of the old curriculum and ensure that students can effectively, understand and appreciate our heritage and the manner the country evolved. In this way, they will gain a better understanding of the current problems we face and develop a good strategy on how we should move to make the most desirable changes. This will be targeting all the elementary schools, the junior high schools and the high schools of Mesa Unified School District, Arizona. Firstly, the new curriculum aims at aligning with the standards set by the state, which is one of the major requirements since the curriculum must be compatible with the guidelines set by both the state and the federal government. Each instructor will be capable of measuring the standards of their lessons to ensure that the students get the right content effectively. Secondly, the curriculum aims at providing a detailed explanation of the significance of one historical occasion relative to the other events. This is to enlighten them to understand how one event contributed and shaped the occurrence of the other. Thirdly, it also intends to impart the required critical as well as creative thinking abilities as the students move to college to critically anslyse the events and make meaningful judgements. Lastly, the curriculum aims at ensuring that students can clearly understand how the past events shaped our present status and make excellent plans for our future. Although it is the oldest approach of all the existing approaches to curiculum development, the behavioral approach is the most relevant one to employ. The approach, according to Ornstein and Hunkins (2009) will pave the way for the specification of the goals as well as the objectives of the curriculum that we clearly, understand. The approach also

Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction - Essay Example It contains the case studies that I have done. The case studies are the students approach to how they would with certain healthcare situations that do arise all the time. I have done five case studies that have been graded with an excellent score. Along with the case studies are the articles that I summarized along with the summaries. I have again gotten perfect scores on the summaries, which is something that I am very proud of. Then I have listed five scientific journals that are in the subject of health science. They were useful to me over the past five years. Last but not least I have used my upper division Health Science projects where I indicated what my responsibilities for each of them were. The second section is the career section where I have indicated what where my career goals and where I want to go in future. I have included a job ad for public health educator in Forsyth County, North Carolina. I have used my cover letter as well as my resume that has been tailored to the field of Public Health and Safety. Also I included my personal essay which goes into what factors made a difference in my academic career. As you read my essay, one can almost say that I am heavily influenced by my parents. Hopefully one can also read how determined I was. The third section is system analysis. In this section, students were asked to use an organizational chart. I used a chart for a government agency that I may consider working for in the future. The agency that I choose is the San Francisco Department of Health (SFDPH).This chart lists the current positions in the field as well as their hierarchy. The vacant places are indicated as well. The fourth section is the papers. The first of the papers is the legacy role. The legacy role really examines the student’s perspective on how the overall Health Science coursework has impacted them. For me, I have chosen to pick the positive and the negative of each spectrum.Overall; I stated that I made the right

MENOPAUSAL TREATMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MENOPAUSAL TREATMENT - Assignment Example Such symptoms include hot flushes and alteration of the vagina area (Newson, 2013). On the other hand, there are various ways of alleviating symptoms. One of such is through hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, HRT being avoided due to the various risk associated with it (Newson, 2013). Hence, such risks have forced most patients to opt for herbal treatments. The paper will focus on â€Å"herbal† treatments as a first-line option for their menopausal symptoms. It will also address their effectiveness as well as side effects or interactions with the herbal treatments. There are various herbal treatments for menopausal symptoms. The first herbal compounds are known as phytoestrogens. These are plant compounds and have the same chemical components as the female sex hormone oestrogen (State Government of Victoria, 2015). Hence, they act as oestrogen receptor parts in a woman’s body and helps in reducing symptoms (State Government of Victoria, 2015). The first is known as isoflavones. The natural source for this phytoestrogen is soybeans, beans, and red clover (State Government of Victoria, 2015). The other one is known as lignans. It is easily found in fruit, vegetables, grains, and oilseeds. The third one is known as coumestans. It is easily found in sprouting seeds such as alfalfa. The only challenge is that soy products are thought to lead to the development of breast cancer in women. Therefore, there is advice to avoid such products in those women that are at high risk of developing breast cancer (State Government of Victoria, 2015). The drugs have been shown not effective in alleviating hot flushes (Cleveland Clinic, 2014). The other medicine is St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum). It has been shown useful in reducing symptoms. The only challenge is that this medication may interact with other drugs one is taking causing severe side effects (State Government of Victoria, 2015). The other one

Critically examine the European Court of Justice (ECJ)s concept of Essay

Critically examine the European Court of Justice (ECJ)s concept of supremacy of EC Law with the aid of case examples - Essay Example 7). For example, Member States are required to ensure that all of their Treaty commitments are fulfilled and must not â€Å"jeopardise the attainment of the objectives of this Treaty† (TFEU, art. 10). The EC Treaty also confers responsibility on the ECJ to ensure that the Treaty is interpreted and applied for the enforcement of Community law (TFEU, art. 220). The ECJ established the concept of supremacy in Van Gend en Loos v Netherlands (1963) by enunciating two main principles of Community law: direct effect of Community Law in Member States and supremacy of Community law over the national laws of Member States. The ECJ stated that Community law has establishing a new â€Å"legal order† under which Member States have voluntarily surrendered their sovereignty (Van Gend en Loos v Netherlands, 1963, see also Costa, 1964). The UK does not acknowledge the surrender of sovereignty, but instead adheres to a dualist constitutional system. Monalism states automatically incorporate international law into national systems (Schutze, 2012). EC supremacy in the UK is only acknowledged via an Act of Parliament and thus firmly establishes and reinforces Parliamentary sovereignty in the UK. For instance, Lord Denning MR, in anticipation of signing the EC Treaty noted that the UK did not specifically take notice of treaties. It would only take notice of treaties that are embodied in a statute enacted by Parliament (Blackburn v AG 1971). Thus, the UK acknowledges that treaty law is only applied by an act of Parliament not by the direct application of treaty law (Aust, 2008). For example, the European Community Act 1972 (ECA) provides that the EC Treaty will be given â€Å"legal effect† in the UK â€Å"without further enactment† and all national laws must be interpreted in such a way as to give effect to Community law (ECA ss. 2(1) and 2(4)). Even so, when applying Community law, the UK will not apply

Genetic Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Genetic Engineering - Essay Example Procedures principles and the process often genetic engineering and cloning affecting ethics are examined.1. P 1 – Strands of Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA) can be cut using special enzymes2. P 2 – The strands can be cut and, therefore, remove some genetic combinations3. P 3 – DNA contains information about genes of the given organisms4. ACTION 1 (P1 P2 P3) – Since strands of DNA can be cut it is possible to duplicate genes, and this contributes much to the genetic engineering process useful for medical reasons. It has caused much arguments and debate since there is the development of the human and animal cloning practices. 5. P 4 – There are drugs and medicines in the world that contain similar elements that may be found in cow’s milk or goats’ milk when cloning is used.6. P 5 – Current processes revolve around the production of vaccines against some of the worst diseases like Malaria, antibodies of HIV and proteins to treat hemoph ilia among others by use of cloning processes.7. P 6 – Current research is also targeting the development of proteins ha will help digestion of fats and proteins for infants by use of cloning tests.8. ACTION 2 (P4 P5 P6) – Cloning can be used for beneficial purposes and tests, stopping the cloning process will hinder the tests.9. P 7 – safety of genetic engineering processes have been questioned, and even legislation has been set up.

How did minority groups struggle for civil rights Essay Example for Free

How did minority groups struggle for civil rights Essay They were saying that a new culture is spreading like a wild fire in opposition with the culture of waging war. Perhaps this has something to do with the 58,000 American soldiers who died instantly in the Vietnam War during the sixties and another 5,000 and more dying in the Iraqi war of today. People demonstrated to give peace a chance with 250,000 citizens marched from the Capitol to the Washington Monument (Cassutto, 1999), several propagandas to lead the largest anti-war campaign by some minority groups struggling for their civil rights to be heard. Some of them are the Chicago Seven, Students for a Democratic Society, the civil rights movement, the New Left and so forth. Counterculture groups protested and even launched riots that included fire and even death. With their self expressions or trends in the form of arts and poetry that seemed to be harmless in challenging the government of what they believed in, still some uses drugs, LSD and other vices which are very popular to the youth of today. It seemed that if contempt breeds contempt then same too with violence and regression. The Sixties Project Web Site challenges on opinions and the recent history. Those who lived in the sixties could tell and reflect on their stories. They even have Vietnam Generation Journal which can be very interesting for researching scholarly works to create a change. However, there will always be war no matter what we do. Histories have repeated itself and life’s hard earned lessons proven it. As long as there is governance that stands for the truth, thought it is not perfect America will stand to upheld liberty and democracy among all nations. There will always be war to combat evil and as long as there is a country to be protected from villains. References Cassutto, G. (1999). Counterculture of the Sixties [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 14 September 2007 from http://www. cyberlearning-world. com/nhhs/html3/culture. htm.

Business Applications Case Essay Example for Free

Business Applications Case Essay Chapter 1. 5. What does the statement â€Å"costs can be assets or expenses† mean? 6. Why are the salaries of production workers accumulated in an inventory account instead of being expensed on the income statement? 7. How do product costs affect the financial statements? How does the classification of product cost (as an asset vs. an expense) affect net income? The following information was taken from the 2008 and 2009 Form 10-Ks for Dell, Inc.Required a. Explain whether each line of information in the table above would best be described as being primarily financial accounting or managerial accounting in nature. b. Provide some additional examples of managerial and financial accounting information that could apply to Dell. c. If you analyze only the data you identified as financial in nature, does it appear that Dells 2009 fiscal year was better or worse than its 2008 fiscal year? Explain. d. If you analyze only the data you identified as managerial in nature, does it appear that Dells 2009 fiscal year was better or worse than its 2008 fiscal year? Explain| Chapter 2 10. How is the relevant range of activity related to fixed and variable cost? Give an example of how the definitions of these costs become invalid when volume is outside the relevant range. 12. When would the high-low method be appropriate for estimating variable and fixed costs? When would least-squares regression be the most desirable? 13. Which cost structure has the greater risk? Explain. Chapter 3 6. When would the customer be willing to pay a premium price for a product or service? What pricing strategy would be appropriate under these circumstances? 7. What are three alternative approaches to determine the break-even point? What do the results of these approaches show? 8. What is the equation method for determining the break-even point? Explain how the results of this method differ from those of the contribution margin approach. Chapter 4 10. Why are some manufacturing costs not directly traceable to products? 11. What is the objective of allocating indirect manufacturing overhead costs to the product? Chapter 5 1. Why did traditional costing systems base allocations on a single companywide cost driver? 2. Why are labor hours ineffective as a companywide allocation base in many industries today? 3. What is the difference between volume-based cost drivers and activity-based cost drivers? 4. Why do activity-based cost drivers provide more accurate allocations of overhead in an automated manufacturing environment? 5. When would it be appropriate to use volume-based cost drivers in an activity-based costing system? ATC 5-4Writing AssignmentAssessing a strategy to control quality cost Lucy Sawyer, who owns and operates Sawyer Toy Company, is a perfectionist. She believes literally in the â€Å"zero-defects† approach to quality control. Her favorite saying is, â€Å"You cant spend too much on quality.† Even so, in 2010 her company experienced an embarrassing breach of quality that required the national recall of a defective product. She vowed never to repeat the experience and instructed her staff to spend whatever it takes to ensure that products are delivered free of defects in 2011. She was somewhat disappointed with the 2011 year-end quality cost report shown here. Although external failure costs had declined, they remained much higher than expected. The increased inspections had identified defects that were corrected, thereby avoiding another recall; however, the external failure costs were still too high. Ms. Sawyer responded by saying, â€Å"We will have to double our efforts.† She authorized hiring additional inspectors and instructed her production supervisors to become more vigilant in identifying and correcting errors. Required Assume that you are the chief financial officer (CFO) of Sawyer Toy Company. Ms. Sawyer has asked you to review the companys approach to quality control. Prepare a memo to her that evaluates the existing approach, and  recommend changes in expenditure patterns that can improve profitability as well as increase the effectiveness of the quality control system. Chapter 6 7. What is an opportunity cost? How does it differ from a sunk cost? 8. A local bank advertises that it offers a free noninterest-bearing checking account if the depositor maintains a $500 minimum balance in the account. Is the checking account truly free?

The Presidential Election Of 1880 Politics Essay

The Presidential Election Of 1880 Politics Essay Throughout the history of United States Presidential Elections, there have been many memorable campaigns and races for the right of one citizen to become the next President of the United States of America. These elections have been filled with gripping scandals, nail-biting finishes, unforgettable blunders, and their fair share of mudslinging. The Presidential Election of 1880 was of no exception, and encompassed all of the aforementioned aspects and more. It is at this pivotal time in 1880 that the country was continuing to mend itself from the self-inflicted wounds of secession and of a controversial presidency stemming from the election of 1876. With Rutherford B. Hayes foregoing a second term in office, the stage was set for a memorable election year, one fought amongst both some new and familiar faces. It would be the candidates partys views on some crucial issues, along with the pageantry of the candidates themselves, that would decide the outcome of this election. Up until the last day of campaigning, both Democrats and Republicans believed that their respective nominees would win the executive branch. However, after much time and effort, only one man would become President. Ultimately, the office of the presidency would come at a price no party could have predicted. The candidates that would eventually emerge as the front-runners for their parties werent favored much as the campaigns for the presidency began in 1880. At the start of the campaign, the Republican Party was divided into 3 distinct factions: the Stalwarts, the Reformers, and the Half-Breeds. The Stalwarts were conservatives who opposed civil service reform, conversely supported the patronage system, favored protectionist tariffs, and endorsed a third-term for former-President Ulysses S. Grant. The Reformers were liberals who advocated civil service reform and free trade. The Half-Breeds were moderates who accepted some degree of civil service reform, implemented piecemeal over time.  [1]   By May 1880, former-President Grant was probable to win the nomination of the Republican Party. However, James Garfield, an Ohio representative and former Union general, was gaining recognition as a possible surprise candidate. At this time in the campaign, Garfield was actually supporting John Sherman, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. The two men had struck a deal earlier in which Garfield was to campaign for Sherman because he had helped Garfield become a senator-elect recently. When the time had come, Garfield, along with his fellow Ohioans, made the trek to Chicago for the Republican National Convention, which was set to begin on June 2, 1880. It is here that Garfield would become part of one of the most thrilling party conventions ever. He began his climb towards nomination by being elected the head of the Committee on Rules shortly following the commencement of the convention. After a riveting, impromptu speech before the convention, support for Garfield hit a new high. In f act, his popularity was so great that Roscoe Conkling, a prominent Republican figure who was attending, remarked: New York requests that Ohios real candidate and dark horse come forwardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [2]   This support would carry over into the nomination when on the 34th ballot, seemingly out of nowhere, Wisconsin awarded her 16 votes to Garfield. This, in turn, started a stampede among the Half-Breed and other anti-Grant supporters in favor of Garfield. On the 36th ballot, James Garfield was nominated with 399 votes, a monumental upset for those who predicted the nomination of Grant, the Half-Breed leader James G. Blaine, or even John Sherman. Mystery still surrounds the fact whether Garfield planned to usurp the nomination the way he did, seeing as though entries from his personal journal are left blank during the Republican National Convention, which would give insight to his inner thoughts and ambitions. Nevertheless, Chester A. Arthur was chosen to be Garfields running mate in an attempt to secure the support of the Stalwarts and to win New York for the Republicans. The nomination of the Democrats was hardly less inspiring. In the early stages of the campaign, U.S. Senator Thomas Bayard was the likely candidate to be nominated and had much support in the South. As of May 1880, though, General Winfield Scott Hancock was drawing attention in the Deep South. Although for the most part they were convinced that the movement towards Hancock was insignificant, the shadow of another general on horseback continued to alarm some of Bayards supporters.  [3]  Perhaps those wary Bayard supporters had a reason to be distressed, for at the Democratic National Convention in Cincinnati, a fiery, Irish delegate from Pennsylvania named Daniel Dougherty made a rousing speech in favor of Hancocks nomination. Mayhem ensued as thousands of delegates began cheering for Hancock. In fact, after the second ballot, Hancock was nominated with the incredible amount of 705 votes. The former favorite, Bayard, only got 2. Quickly after, William H. English was chosen to be t he vice-presidential nominee. The choice of English was based on sound political logic. Hancock, as it was argued, by uniting Irving Hall and Tammany Hall would carry New York, and Indiana would certainly follow English, her own native son. Thus Indianas 15 electoral votes and New Yorks 35 in addition to the solid Souths 138 would spell victory for the Democrats for the first time since 1856.  [4]   At these same conventions where the two primary candidates were selected by their parties, the party platforms were also revealed. The Republican platform stressed the need for protective tariffs that would disproportionately benefit American labor, a reformation of civil service through the use of a series of tests to ensure qualifications for applicants, restricted immigration from China, and separate, non-public funds to pay for the establishment of sectarian schools. The platform commended President Hayes, a Republican, for his service to his country and proceeded to shame the Democrats by comparing them to the rebels of the Civil War.  [5]  The Democratic platform, in turn, recalled the Great Fraud of 1876, the name given by some to the event in which Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President after losing to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden in the popular vote and winning the electoral vote by one through a potentially shady agreement. Furthermore, the Democratic platform called fo r a less powerful central government, a cease to all Chinese immigration, civil service reform, lower tariffs, and free trade.  [6]  The platform also included that there would only be a tariff for revenue only. In time, this last plank of the platform would prove to be the bane of Candidate Hancocks existence. During this election, the impact of major third parties was minimal. All three of the major third parties nominated their choices for president in June/July of 1880 and all three of their nominees were military generals. The Greenback party, the most influential of the three third parties, stood for labor reform (shorter hours, better conditions, no child labor), for economic reform (payment of debts, restrictions on monopolies, regulated currency), restriction on Chinese labor, and for the end of sectional disunity. It can be argued that this platform wouldnt have been found too unreasonable. However, the Greenbackers made a critical blunder when they invited Socialists into their convention, which no doubt lost them some votes. The other two third parties were the Prohibitionists and the Anti-Masons. The Prohibitionists were against the consumption of alcohol and its party platform explicitly revealed the dangers of it. The Anti-Masons believed their mission was to expose, withstan d, and remove secret societies, Free masonry in particular, and other anti-Christian movements, in order to save the churches of Christ from being depraved.  [7]  Having such a narrow objective hurt the Prohibitionists and Anti-Masons. In the end, the only way that a third party could have any impact on the election was if its votes were absorbed by either the Democrats or the Republicans. Among the foreign and domestic issues brought to light during this presidential campaign, those of Chinese immigration, sectionalism, and protective tariffs were the primary ones contemplated. By 1880, an overwhelming number of Chinese immigrants had traveled to the west coast of the United States in search of jobs. These Chinese workers worked for less than an American would and many westerners worried for their own job security. This disdain for immigrants was felt most in California. Although both party platforms called for restrictions to such immigration, many Californians were wary of Candidate Garfields sincerity to the cause. This was due to the fact that a year and a half earlier Garfield had voted against a bill that was inconsistent with the Burlingame Treaty of 1868, a treaty which provided limitless Chinese immigration. Later, Garfield tried to reassure western states that he would handle the immigration issue with their concerns in mind, though many doubted his sincerit y. The issue of sectionalism reemerged when Republicans once again began waving the bloody shirt, a reference to the Souths secession some 20 years earlier. Numerous pamphlets and songs were created by Republicans to associate the southern and more Democratic states, as well as Hancock himself, with secession. One such song included the lines: A Union General leads, my boys Secession on the field Well meet it with brave deeds, my boys: Once more foredoomed to yield!  [8]   These pieces of propaganda were made to make people believe that if Hancock were elected, he would give all power to the former-rebellious southern states. Democrats believed that this accusation was simply absurd. Nevertheless, these actions taken by the Republican Party showed that almost two decades after the Civil War started, reunification was still a delicate issue. Lastly, tariffs were, arguably, the most important issue. Both parties had different stances on the matter. The Republicans argued for a protective tariff. They believed that by protecting American business, wages for workers would remain at a high level. The Democrats, however, believed in a tariff for revenue only. This would open the doors for free trade. Critics of this idea believed that American manufacturing would crumble and that this action would spell disaster for the wages of laborers. American laboring men were everywhere solemnly warned by signs, handbills, documents, and newspapers that, unless they wished to be reduced to the pittance that Europeans called wages, they had better vote the Republican ticket.  [9]  Among these three issues discussed, the tariff issue would no doubt play a huge role in deciding who won the election. The way in which each campaign was conducted and the various major events that occurred during them created momentum swings at different times for each candidate. Garfield more or less conducted a type of front porch campaign. This campaign consisted of him welcoming voters into his home in order to become more familiar with their needs and to appear concerned. He actually had his campaign managers and fellow Republicans do much of his work across the nation. These Garfield supporters would wave the bloody shirt issue and poke at Hancocks inexperience in politics. Mockery pertaining to the latter was shown in a Republican pamphlet called A Record of the Statesmanship and Political Achievements of General Winfield Scott Hancock. This particular pamphlet included only blank pages. Following an early defeat in the Maine state elections, Republicans began to channel immense sums of money in order to step up the campaign effort. After all, the Democrats had presumably spent $100,000 in Ma ine in just one week! Large businesses were eager to help the Republican cause, as they had an interest in its success. After Secretary of State Carl Schurz made speeches in San Francisco almost exclusively regarding business interests, it became clear that economic issues would take precedence over all other concerns. In addition to the efforts made by Secretary of State Schurz, Senator Conkling and former-President Grant also campaigned for Garfield; at one rally in Warren, Ohio the two spoke to a crowd of approximately 40,000 people! The Democrats, for the most part, tried to remind the public of the corrupt Election of 1876 in which President Rutherfraud had been elected. However, these actions were put on hold temporarily as Hancock struggled to make clear his views on the tariff issue. His knowledge on this subject was questioned so greatly that he was made fun of in a cartoon by the famous Thomas Nast. The cartoon depicted Hancock on a speakers platform whispering in a companions ear, Who is Tariff and why is he for revenue only?'  [10]  At a major Democratic rally sponsored by Tammany Hall in New York, Hancock asked Senator Bayard to discuss the tricky tariff issue for him, a somewhat acknowledgement of his own inability to do so gracefully. When the Democrats could afford to take the offensive, Garfields character was within their crosshairs. Two very big scandals gave them significant amounts of ammunition against Garfield: The Credit Mobilier Scandal and the Morey Letter. During the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad, the leading directors of the Union Pacific Railroad Company hired themselves out to a fake company that they had created, named Credit Mobilier, in order to keep the remaining surplus money. Many Congressmen were given bribes in the form of stock in this fake company in order to keep quiet. On February 18, 1873, a committee found that Garfield had received a check for $329 for dividends from his share of stock. During the campaign, Democrats marked numerous buildings with the number 329 in order to remind voters of Garfields doubtful past. A second scandal to rock the Republican campaign was that of the Morey Letter. On October 18, 1880, a letter supposedly written by Garfield to H.L. Morey of Ma ssachusetts was discovered on the desk of the publisher of New York Truth. Its contents contained convincing evidence that Garfield supported Chinese immigration. It included that he felt that individuals or companies have the right to buy labor where they can get it cheapest and that the United States has a treaty with the Chinese Government which should be religiously keptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [11]  Although it was later proved to be a forgery, some of Garfields credibility was lost. It certainly didnt do him any good to wait a whole week before openly denying it! Thus the Democrats were able to gain support by attacking Garfield throughout their campaign. This onslaught of Garfields character abruptly came to a stop when Hancock made a severe political blunder just a little over a week before the election. In an interview with the Paterson Daily Guardian, Hancock attempted to clarify his tariff for revenue only. While stating the case that he would in fact favor American businesses, he concluded by saying that the tariff question is a local question. Although he was correct in context, this statement made it appear as though he was out of touch and not concerned with everyday working men. This had an adverse impact on his campaign with little time to recover. Nevertheless, as both partys campaigns winded down and the candidates braced for Election Day, each candidate firmly believed that he had won the Presidency. The news of 3 A.M. is fully justified by the morning papersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We have at least 212 electoral votes, a small majority in the House and the Senate nearly or quite a tie.  [12]  Thus were the words written by James A. Garfield in his journal on November 3, 1880 when he learned he was to be the 20th President of the United States. When the official results were revealed, Garfield had won 214 electoral votes to Hancocks 155. By these numbers, Garfield seemed to have won easily; however, the popular vote was extremely close with Garfield possessing roughly 4,453,337 votes to Hancocks approximate 4,444,267 votes. The difference between these two tallies was the equivalent to .1% of the total population. To date this is the closest margin of victory in the popular vote in any U.S. Presidential Election. Not only was this election the closest in the popular vote, but it also had one of the highest voter turnouts in United States history, 79.4%. This percentage is only passed by the turnout in the elections of 1840, 1860, and 1876 (notably all previous elections). In recent years, the voter turnout has been significantly lower. In the last five Presidential Elections, voter turnout has ranged from 49.08% to 57.48%. For the past 20 years, on average only about 53% of the total population has been involved in choosing our President. This is certainly not healthy for our republican form of government, in which an active population must remain involved politically in order for greater representation of the masses. At least in the Presidential Election of 1880, the people accepted their responsibility as citizens and participated in a remarkable fashion to choose the next President. President James Garfield owed much of his victory to the battleground state of New York. New Yorks 35 electoral votes were ultimately the difference in the election. The solid South had given her 138 votes for Hancock, as can be seen in the electoral map that follows: http://profbutler.watermelon-kid.com/images/maps/HIST1302_Part_1/800px-1880_Electoral_Map.gif This left him with only 47 more votes to secure in order for him to become President. Unfortunately, Hancock could only muster 17 additional votes; a combined 8 from California and Nevada, no doubt influenced by the Morey Letter, and 9 from New Jersey, the only northern state to go for the Democrats. The Democrats failed to carry New York in part due to the divisions between Irving Hall and Tammany Hall. At the time, there was also speculation that New York might have gone Republican for another more sinister reason. In July of 1880, George W. Atkins, a friend of Garfields, had written him about the idea of bringing 3,000 voters from Vermont, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania along with 6,000 Canadians to New York to vote for the Republicans. No evidence was ever found that Garfield had used this strategy. However, many Democrats swore that they had been deceived. Nevertheless, Garfield received a superfluous amount of congratulatory letters, including one peculiar letter from Willie M adden of Number One, Hanson Place, Brooklyn, New York: I am a little boy five years oldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.I am sorry Arthur has to be President when you die. I would like to know whether you are a bad man or a good oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.If not, I think Arthur must take your place.  [13]   This prophetic letter would prove no more eerie than on July 2, 1881. On that fateful day, President Garfield was on his way to celebrate his 25th college reunion and was standing at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C. when he was shot twice. His assailant was the Stalwart Charles Guiteau, who was upset with the President after he had been denied the position of U.S. Consul in Paris on six different occasions. Guiteau thought that it was unfair that many Half-Breeds had received government jobs (ie. James Blaine had been chosen Secretary of State), and the Stalwarts appeared to have been denied these rewards. After being rushed to safety, doctors tended to the President. Alexander Graham Bell used a primitive form of the metal detector to try to locate one bullet in Garfields back, but to no avail. After 80 days of suffering, President Garfield died. This assassination drew much sympathy from the public for their fallen President and much loathing for the S talwarts. Chester A. Arthur would now become President. Although there was much speculation on how he would act as President, from an early stage he made it known that he supported the movement towards the adoption of the merit system of awarding government jobs to those most competent. As for Guiteau, he was hanged on June 30, 1882. Although the Presidential Elections of 1880 and 2012 occurred 132 years apart, certain aspects of each have made a comparison of the two possible. One major campaign factor that is unique to both election years is the use of money on the campaign trail. During the Presidential Election of 1880, James Ford Rhodes, a historian of the day, wrote that in Indiana money was used to an extent hitherto unknown in American politics.  [14]  He was referring to the use of money to buy votes for either candidate. In fact, at one time Garfield was told that there were 30,000 merchantable votes in the state [Indiana],à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which side will manage to buy the most of them is the question.  [15]  This new era of corruption in politics through the use of money indeed snuck its way into the Presidential Election of 1880. In 2012, a new era in campaign spending has likewise occurred. In 2010, Citizens United [a political action committee (PAC)] sued the Federal Election Commission in the Supreme Court on the basis of unfair campaign spending restrictions. Citizens United won its suit. The ruling established that as long as the free use of money is considered the same as free speech, then corporations and unions have the right to give unlimited amounts of money to presidential candidates. In 2012, campaign spending has hit a new high and shows no sign of stopping in years to come. Another comparison to be made between these two election years is the issue of immigration. In 1880, Americans on the west coast of the United States were concerned with the influx of immigration coming from China. Americans were alarmed that these Chinese workers would steal jobs away from them. In the Presidential Election of 2012, Hispanic immigration was one subject of controversy. The Republicans have tended to believe in harsher immigration laws, whereas Democrats for the most part believe in altering laws to accommodate immigrants. The main difference between the immigration issue of 1880 and 2012 is that in 1880, there was the call to restrict the legal immigrants from China. In 2012, there have been pleas from many to stop the illegal immigration from the Hispanic countries to the south. Another difference that is important to note is that the positions of the two parties have relatively switched sides since 1880. Back in 1880, the Democrats, and not the Republicans, were th e ones proposing stricter immigration laws. The last comparison between these two elections is that both sets of campaigns have consisted of substantial amounts of mudslinging. In the Presidential Election of 1880, both candidates attempted to paint the other in a bad light. Garfield poked at Hancocks inexperience in politics while Hancock attempted to discredit Garfield by bringing up scandal after scandal. In 2012, television viewers have been bombarded with commercials detailing flaws in the candidates. One ad supporting President Obama connected Mitt Romney with the death of a woman who had not been able to afford healthcare after her husbands workplace was shut down by Romneys company, Bain Capital. Likewise, pro-Romney ads have attacked Obamas government spending and business experience as well as his handling of the economy. While some might think its wrong to attack ones opponent so openly, these two elections have shown that it takes an aggressive, offensive strategy to sway the masses. In retrospect, the Presidential Election of 1880 was one of the most exciting to date. From Garfields surprise nomination to Hancocks plight regarding the tariff issue all the way to Garfields eventual narrow victory in the popular vote, the Presidential Election of 1880 proved to be especially intriguing. It seems ironic, as it would be, that Garfield would fall victim to the bullets of an assassin shortly into his term as President. Garfields legacy lived on though through Chester A. Arthur, who, as mentioned previously, upheld Garfields policies. Perhaps Garfield said it best when he wrote in his journal: Some civil service reform will come by necessity after the wearisome years of wasted presidents have paved the way for it.  [16]  We will never know how the world would have turned out had Garfield survived or if it would have even made a difference. However, we can take some comfort in knowing that todays politicians have the luxury of analyzing previous elections so that th ey can be knowledgeable of the past while still looking forward to the future. By Joseph San Nicolas Notes

Pesticides In Ground Water and Drinking Water :: Drinking Water Quality

What is a pesticide?A pesticide is a chemical substance used to kill pests, especially insects. A pesticide is also refered to as a biocide. Most pesticides are applied in spray form but occasionaly you will see pesticides that are in powder or pellet form. Pesticides are used on a variety of things, anything from crops like corn, barley, and wheat, to plants like petunias, marigolds, and rhodadendrons, which are usually found in small gardens greenhouses, and even in your backyard. What is ground water? Water is the life blood of every living creature on earth. Approximately 70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with water. Through the wonders of nature, water can take on many different forms. It is easy to understand the significance water plays in our lives but it may be difficult to understand the water that exists below the earth's surface. This water is called groundwater. Groundwater is usually held in porous soil or rock materials, much the same way water is held in a sponge. The source for much of the world's drinking water is ground water. When pesticdes are sprayed on crops, where do the pesticides go after they are applied to the crops? They soak into the ground where the roots can pick up the pesticide.That further proves my point that pesticides soak into the ground. Pesticides in ground watrer seems to be a continual problem with people now days, because they think that the pesticides dont soak into the ground water. They believe that when a pesticide is sprayed on a plant the leaves are what pick up the pesticide but thats false, the roots pick up the pesticides which proves that the pesticides have to soak at least a few feet into the ground.

Free Essays - Realism and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Realism and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn    The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is an immensely realistic novel, revealing how a child's morals and actions clash with those of the society around him. Twain shows realism in almost every aspect of his writing; the description of the setting, that of the characters, and even the way characters speak. Twain also satirizes many of the foundations of that society. Showing the hypocrisy of people involved in education, religion, and romanticism through absurd, yet very real examples. Most importantly, Twain shows the way Huckleberry's moral beliefs form amidst a time of uncertainty in his life.    Realism is a literary style in which the author describes people, their actions, their emotions and surroundings as close to the reality as possible. The characters are not perfectly good or completely evil; they exhibit strengths and weaknesses, just as real people. The characters often commit crimes or do immoral things, and are not always just good or just evil. In a realistic novel, aspects of the time period or location are also taken into consideration. Characters dress in clothes that befit them, and speak with local dialects. Most importantly, characters are not sugar coated or exaggerated. The characters do things as they would normally do them, and are not worse or better then their real life counterparts.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using his experiences as a steamboat engineer, Mark Twain creates a realistic novel through meticulous detail in the descriptions of the setting, diction, and characters. The setting is described with much detail and imagery, so as to make it as close as possible to the actual surroundings. Twain uses a page just to describe the sunrise over the river.      The first thing to see, looking away over the water, was a kind of dull line - that was the woods on t'other side; you couldn't make nothing else out; then a pale place in the sky; then more paleness spreading around; then the river softened up away off, and warn't black any more, but gray; you could see little dark spots drifting along ever so far away-trading-scows, and such things; and long black streaks-rafts ... and by and by you could see a streak on the water which you know by the look of the streak that there's a snag there in a swift current which breaks on it and makes that streak look that way; and you see the mist curl up off of the water, and the east reddens up.

Investigating the Effect of Resistance on a Capacitor Circuit :: Papers

Investigating the Effect of Resistance on a Capacitor Circuit Method: We will set up the following circuit. We will measure the capacitor pd. (Vc) with the cell connected. Then we will remove the cell and connect point A to point B, at the same moment starting a stopwatch. We will record the length of time (t) for the Vc to decay to 3.75 Volts. We intend to repeat this procedure using different resistors. [IMAGE] Resistance (kW) Time (s) 33 33 68 72 100 97 150 153 330 320 680 584 Conclusion: From the graph we can clearly see that the time taken for the capacitor to discharge is directly proportional to the resistance. This is because the graph shows a definite straight line going through or near most of the points. This means that the higher resistor you use the longer it will take for the capacitor to discharge. The experiment has therefore proved the prediction correct i.e. the resistance should be directly proportionate to the time taken for the capacitor to de-charge. This can be explained by the following: Capacitors store electrical charge. When current is passing through the circuit the capacitor charges up as the current can't jump between the gap of the two plates but charge is held there because of the force of the opposite poles. This means that more and more electricity is stored until it reaches its full capacity. But when the circuit is broken the capacitor de-charges releasing electricity through the circuit. The resistor slows down the current causing 'congestion' and means that the capacitor has to de-charge slower because only a limited amount of charge can travel through a circuit with a high resistance at any one given time. Evaluation: The method was a good way of carrying out the experiment as it was quite easy to conduct once the circuit was connected, the results seem

Punishment in America Research Paper Essay

Abstract   Punishment in America has mainly four goals: Retribution (deserved punishment), Deterrence, Societal protection and Rehabilitation. Ultimately all this punishment are aimed at maintaining societal order, but the justification for the sentence are closely tied to the American values of justice and fairness. However the justice sought by crime victims often conflicts with the fairness to the offenders. It’s therefore important to note that while punishment in America is meant to correct the offender the effectiveness of method used on the criminal determine the outcome to correct the anomaly. Restorative justice has proved to be a new method of restoring justice among the offenders.               Ã‚  Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Punishment reflects the dominant values of particular moments in history. By the end of 1960s for example, the number of Americans who were sentenced to imprisonment decreased because of widespread commitment of rehabilitating offenders. By contrast since 1970s record numbers of offenders have been sentenced to prison because of an emphasis of imposing strong punishment for the purposes of retribution, deterrence and incapitation. At the beginning of 21st century voices are calling for addition of restorative justice as a criminal sanction. According to George and Smith, 2005, there are mainly 4 types of punishment: Retribution/Deserved punishment, Deterrence, Societal protection and Rehabilitation. Effects of the 4 Types of Punishments Retribution/Deserved punishment: Retribution is a punishment inflicted on a person who has infringed on the rights of others so deserve to be penalized. Retribution means that those who have done a particular crime should be punished alike in proportion to the gravity of the crime or the extent to which others have been made to suffer. In retribution punishment, offenders must â€Å"pay their debts†.   Some scholars claim that the desire for retribution is a basic human emotion. They maintain that if the state does not provide retributive sanctions to reflect community revolution at offensive acts, citizens will take the law into their own hands to punish offenders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Under this view the failure of government to satisfy the people’s desire for retribution could produce social chaos. Using the concept of just deserts or deserved punishment to define retribution, some theorists argue that one who infringes on the rights of others deserve to be punished. In this view, punishment should be only for the wrong inflicted and not primarily to achieve other goals such as deterrence, societal protection or rehabilitation (George and smith, 2005) Deterrence: The roots of deterrence are traced back in 18th century in England among the followers of social philosopher Jeremy Bentham. He adopted Bentham’s theory of utilitarianism, which holds that human behavior is governed by the individuals’ calculation of the benefits versus the cost of his /her acts. Before stealing money for example, potential offenders would consider the punishment that others have received for similar acts would thereby be deterred. There are two types of deterrence: general deterrence which presumes that members of the public on observing the punishment of others will conclude that the crime outweighs the benefits. For general deterrence to be effective, the public must be constantly reminded about the likelihood and severity of punishment for various acts (George and smith, 2005)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  The punishment must be severe enough to instill fear of the consequences of committing a crime. By contrast specific deterrence targets the decision and behavior of the offenders who have already been convicted. Under this approach, the amount and kind of punishment are calculated to discourage that criminal from repeating the offence. The punishment must be severe enough to cause the criminal to say â€Å"the consequence of my crime were too painful, I will not commit another crime†. The concept of deterrence has obvious difficulties (Nagin, 1998). Deterrence assumes that all people think before they act. As such deterrence does not account for people who commit crimes under the influence of drugs or alcohol or mental disorder. The effectiveness of deterrence is limited as well (Nagin, 1998). A study on deterrence effects of punishment would have to examine the impacts of different forms of criminal sanction on various potential lawbreakers. Therefore while legislation often cites deterrence as a rationale for certain sanctions, no one really knows the extent to which sentencing policies based on deterrence achieve their objective. Societal protection: This assumes that society can keep offenders from committing further crimes by detention in prison or by execution. Offenders can be confined within secure institutions and effectively prevented from committing additional harm against society for the duration of their sentence. Capital punishment is the ultimate method of societal protection. Research has suggested that a relatively small number of offenders commit a large number of violence and property crimes (George and smith, 2005). Questions arise about how to determine the length of the sentence. Presumably offenders will not be released until the state is sure that they will no longer commit crimes. Therefore the limit of this punishment is that it cannot predict accurately which offenders will commit more crime upon release. Rehabilitation: This refers to the goal of restoring a convicted offender to a constructive place in society through some form of training or therapy. Americans want to believe that offenders can be treated and resocialised in ways that allow them to lead a crime –free productive life upon release. Over the last hundred years, rehabilitation advocates have argued for techniques that they claim identify and treat the causes of criminal behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rehabilitation focuses on the offender. Its objective does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime .according to concept of rehabilitation, offenders are treated, not punished and they are returned to the society when they are cured. Studies on the results of rehabilitation have challenged the idea that criminal offenders can be cured (Margolis, 1974). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The above methods have proved to be not too effective and the new approach to punishment is restorative justice. Restorative justice view crime as more than a violation of penal law. The criminal act practically and symbolically denies the community. This approach means that losses suffered by the crime victim are restored and the threat to the local safety is removed and the offender again becomes a fully participating member of the community. Shifting the focus to restorative justice requires a three way approach that involves the offender, the victim and the community. This approach may include mediation in which the three actors devise ways that all agree are fair and just for the offender to repair the harm done to victim and community. References George, F. C. and Smith E.G, (2005): ‘Criminal Justice in America, Criminology’, 4th Edition. Nagin, D.1998: ‘Criminal deterrence research at the onset of the twenty-first century’: crime and justice review of research, Vol. 23. Margolis, E.1974: ‘The effectiveness of rehabilitation punishment as a cure for crime’, research paper.

Analysis of the Story Doctor in the House Essay

The story to be analyzed is empower puzzle up in the house write by Richard Gor have on. He in addition wrote several(prenominal) novels and screenplays dealing with practice of medicine. The extract is slightly passing oral and written exams on medicine. The fountain describes the mode how the main theatrical role passed his examinations. He considered it to be death. A circle of images can be found in the text. They create atmosphere of a contest, a court, musical playing. The author emphasizes the inevitability of come across Secretary to hear the sentenceIn 1952, he left health check practice and took up writing entire snip. He has an uncredited role as an anesthesiologist in the movie pertain in the House. The archaean desex novels, set in the simulated St Swithins, a teaching hospital in London, were initi tout ensemble in ally witty and appargonntly autobiographical later maintains included more informal innuendo and farce. The novels were very successfu l in Britain in Penguin paperback during the 1960s and 1970s.Richard Gordon also contri plainlyed to Punch magazine and has published books on medicine, gardening, fishing and cricket. The film adaptation of rejuvenate in the House was released in 1954, deuce years after the book, while dilute at Sea came aside the avocation year with Brigitte Bardot. Dirk Bogarde starred as Dr. Simon dunnock in both. The later spin-off TV series were often written by well-known British comic performers.Doctor in the House begins with the lead wizard outsmartting into a fictional medical examination college in London, St. Swithins. He collects a smattering of faithful friends, including Grimsdyke, whose main aim to stay on an eternal student as his auntie has left a large bequest in his holler, for the duration of his course (as the bullion pass on cease once he qualifies, he prefers to fail every examination). The book goes through the trials and tribulations of their college lives-spo rts, studies, spats with teachers and love affairs. Snippets like utilize a human skull as an ash-tray and hard to weasel out of tight situations in examinations will strike a chord non only in every gear up and medical student, but also in anyone who has ever attempted an examinationIn one of my favourite incidents, Simon (the hero) is asked to check a patients eyes with an ophthalmoscope. He says I always intended to set out how this thing worked, but neer got around to doing it Further, on checking the patients eyes, his comment was that it looked like fishes swimming in an aquarium panoptic of murky water. fortunately for him, he was able to wriggle out of the situation by a round-eyed trick, and eventually passed the examinationThe book is full of incidents like that, and will keep you express emotion page after page. When I ideal the book, I felt a feeble disappointment that it was over so shortly There is a little flirting, but nothing that even an adolescent ra tifiers mother would censor. Hindi films argon a lot worse So if you havent been exposed to Richard Gordon yet, this is a good time to start.This is the original book in the Doctor in the House series and deals with his medical training. The Doctor books were written as memoirs, a fiction continued by the author and main characters name being the same. In reality, Dr. Richard Gordon Dr. Gordon Ostlere, a highly-qualified sawbones and anaethetist and contemporary of my uncle who was a reknowned anaethestist himself but I didnt know that at the time. farcical stories of young doctors at medical school. A series of films were based on the Doctor books, and a tv set series as well. This one was first published in 1952.Product Description Richard Gordons acceptation into St Swithans medical school came as no surprise to anyone, least of all him after all, he had been to public school, vie first XV rugby, and his father was, allows face it, a St Swithans man. Surely he was set for life story. It was rather a shock thus to discover that, once there, he would very have to work, and quite hard. Fortunately for Richard Gordon, life proved not to be all dissection and textbooks after allThis hilarious hospital comedy is perfect reading for anyone whos ever wondered exactly what medical students get up to in their training. Just dont read it on your way to the doctorsAbout the former Richard Gordon is best-known for his hilarious Doctor books and the long-running television series they inspired. Himself a qualified doctor, he worked as an anaesthetist, ships surgeon and then as assistant editor in chief of the British Medical Journal in advance leaving medical practice in 1952 to take up writing full time. Many of his books are based on these experiences in the medical profession and are all told with the rye wit and plainspoken humour that have become his hallmark.

My Beach Memories

Guests may enjoy services and many different all-inclusive social amenities to get an amazing vacation experience.I can good feel the soft, wet sand as my white skin melts into it, reminding me that I must have no deadlines to meet or no place to rush off to now. The cool, crisp water feels exhilarating as it rushes over my body.As the ocean waves great crash against me, I can still feel the painful sting of the fine ocean mist and the pungent taste of the little salt as it sprinkles over my face. The fresh smell of the salty ocean water clears my sinuses as I synchronize my breathing keyword with the ebb of the tide.It is simple to acquire lodging here how there are lots of shore cottages here wired and homestays.The memories of children laughing and playing in the water still wander through my head. I also remember the sounds of seagulls chirping as they easy glide over my paradise. Having not a care in the world, could there be a more wonderful place? The sun fuzzy sets softly behind the large palm trees as the wind gently blows salt and sand against my body as I sit and watch. The fresh air turns cooler as the night begins.

Ocean eastern shores have waves that are bigger.These fond old memories are my pathway to escape extract from reality. Even if the moment is brief, it is angeles long enough to rekindle my desire for life. Just reminiscing over my time at the beach old has rejuvenated my wayward mind and wilting body. I can go back to my happy same place any time I desire.Obviously, you must make it into the shore.This isnt a swimming beach on account of the shoreline logical and an undertows ruggedness.

Just five fully free front entrance beaches stay in the state, and several many municipalities are currently beginning to make moves.Rivers and tidal marshes offer different surroundings.Have an outstanding excursion.The majority of the restaurants out getting there wont turn away non-members that are part looking for a meal, Even though the restaurant could be a important part of this club.

Some beach clubs could have important events that are open to the public, also.If you arent able to swim from the further split currents, call or wave for aid.Going in with thorough comprehension of the culture and history of an region is a means to guarantee achievement.Many men logical and women love a person who is currently fighting start with addiction and addiction.

Undue Influence

As pile Munby intemperately stated, it is unrealiz commensurate to readinesstle, and heavy take down to describe, at what speckle at which the cultivate becomes, in the substance of police, baseless. The tenet of inordinate squ be up has been concord upon as the grime of fireman authentic by the judicatorys of law as a court of conscience. It is an median(a) take to regulate individuals and twist them to compute into accomplishments. However, the ingest is to see to it that the cipher exercised is non ab employ.On the railway yard of these c at oncepts, it is unrealistic to imbed a perfect high unequivocal criterion to be at present utilize in e demonstrablely sequel to acknowledge whether extravagant knead had been exercised or non. Attempting to do that has been problematic. Firstly, courts support non been able to of all(prenominal) time denounce betwixt insupportable lick and unconscionability dealing. Secondly, titles c ategorizing insupportable bring as all claimant-sided or suspect-sided suffer non been roaring in presenting unreasonable go as an primary(prenominal)(a) rule.Thirdly, subdividing wild put to work into categories and lay rules chthonic them change magnitude the curtain raising of mis judgmentions arising. Since insupportable play is an straightforward philosophy, the criteria assign to peg down it ought to scarcely run a manakin for resolve to exercise their jurisdiction. Hence, it allows them to valuate flakes flexibly base on the particulate facts provided quite than sounding at wild squargon up as a gross integrity article of belief and generateing the rules roofy purely.A main barrier in contracting to devise a oecumenical authorized translation of unwarranted mildew is its m apiece resemblances with the unconscionability nonion. The habitude of the reciprocation exorbitant in describing unjustifiable run has realised a n horizon that it is reason on the Unconscionability Bargains article of faith. Furthermore, misconception piece of tail be know in the solecism Lloyds depository monetary institution Plc v Lucken, where Mr. Lucken had wedged Mrs. Lucken to regain a bestow utilise her endures security. Mrs. Lucken at long last hold to Mr. Luckens request, and the bills was lend to sensation of Mr.Luckens neverthelesstually impuissance businesses. She subsequently claimed that the deplume was imp each(prenominal)able beca spend Mr. Lucken had exercised extravagant learn upon her. The mash of allurement ref reach temperance disputing that the drag put up was non hideous. operate to define unjustified lure in an extravagant diminutive dash growing the al-Quran unconscientious has master keyly ca utilise confusedness and difficultness in foothold of separating it from unconscionability dealing. on that pointfore, plain if the both(prenominal) doct rines divvy up alike(p)ities, they should heretofore be distinguished. idle capture is bear on with the mooring of the harmonize or accord of the weaker caller, plot conscienceless dealing is concerned with the conduct of the stronger fellowship in attempting to implement, or arrest the attain of, a dealing with a soul downstairs a modified damage in chance where it is not un signalized with equity. licit proof requires that they be distinguishable in that locationfrom in that location should not be an attempt to touch on exuberant act upon low(a) a microscopic translation unless it would be used to equate and crystalise that it is an main(a) doctrine.There has been an on-going struggle on whether extravagant put to work is categorize as a claimant- orient or suspect-oriented doctrine. The defendant nuzzle suggests that it is m some other(a)(a)fucker or outrageous. As professional Hoffman stated in R v Attorney-General for England and Wales, unjustified model has pure in specific upon the unjust victimization by whizz ships company of a kinship which develops him authorisation or unrelenting anywhere the other. Including inconceivable agency and in evenhanded exploitation at bottom the explanation elucidates it strongly face as defendant focused.Furthermore, claimant-sided orientation defines the captivate as be haughty and also high. It earlier aimed to divers(prenominal)iate unconscionability from inordinate regula move up, precisely quite a obliquely machine-accessible it to other doctrine. It was drumheaded by Birks and chin up when they verbalise, nigh jurists hint dummy up be attracted by the ease of the defendant-sided analysis, and they allow foring point out, reconcilely, that the spell of sequels in which on that point is no unconscionable deportment is very basebornIf at that place atomic number 18 cardinal doctrines, at that place ar dicke ns doctrinesThe tame memory access lead be to handle both inordinate yield and imprisonment as plaintiff-sided fixingss which ground easiness found on a percentage point of trauma of the plaintiffs dexterity to muddle decisions. raze though they dispose to scatter the dickens doctrines, they noneffervescent tend to name it to bonds. A saucily approach fundament be taken -that presents unwarrantable bias as a compromising doctrine- including the charge of f fairnesss at bottom the claimant and defendant oriented descriptions.It batch be s sanction that unwarrantable bewitch arouse be both profuse (claimant-focused) and used in an illegitimate or unconscionable manner (defendant-focused) depending on the facts of the incident. around of crusades sort out chthonian presumed unreasonable regulate had been miscategorised subsequently nowadays applying the rules sooner than see the facts valuably. To build that presumed wild fascinate has been exercised, the claimant has to pass on a consanguinity of verify and self- impudence and accordingly leaven a dealings that calls for an explanation. incredulity is ap sustain, as armyn by sea captain smiler Wilkinson when he describes those authorized affinitys as a weigh of rightfulness that organize the boldness that all overweening knead has been exercised. In other words, the family itself magnate give rise to a presumptuousness of inordinate act upon as utilise down the stairs the ii fatalitys. It should be notice each consanguinity should be construe one by one kinda than worldness classify into a current type. If jurists apply the rules rigorously, they impart that be as headmaster Nicholls refers to in Etridge, presuming that captivate exists.Presumed wild crop taxonomy appears to come characteristics that appropriate unfounded bias from its shopping centre meaning. It had been subdivided into firstly, authentic famil y relationships as a affaire of law give notice the supposal that unwarranted twist had been exercised, and secondly, that the complainant proves the innovation of a relationship below which the complainant slackly reposed charge and confidence in the unconventionaldoer. so far if real relationships do lessen down the stairs the categories, they should not vacate the manifest condition in the case facts that show whether baseless play has been exercised.It is back up by lord Nicholls of Birkenhead when he says, The types of relationship, more than(prenominal) as p arnt and minor, in which this dogma go to be apply, preservenot be listed exhaustively. Relationships atomic number 18 unceasingly mingledIt would be ill-advised for the law to preserves that every enable by a child to a pargonnt, or every dealing in the midst of a knob and his headcounter or amid a forbearing and his doctor, was brought intimately by insupportable bow. due( p) to the flaws indoors their descriptions, the subdivisions fixed on a lower floor presumed unwarrantable sour would altogether aid in describing the several(a) parameters of prior cases.However, once jurists mean to resume them as fast(a) rules that should be utilize to any case that bes to relate to a original criteria, they will be contradicting the boilers suit idea that the doctrine is impartial. Flaws at bottom the comment of f veridical extravagant trance caused it to product with other doctrines, therefrom uphill to misinform its general implication. In purplish desire of Scotland plc v Etridge , overlord Hobhouse delimit it as an equitable wrong affiliated by the preponderant caller against the other which makes it unconscionable for the prevailing party to enforce his heavy rights against he other. Also, skipper Nicholls accent that unbelief builds up aft(prenominal) subdividing the doctrine to actual insupportable specify, as it compromises explicit acts of outlaw(a) pressure over or in such(prenominal)(prenominal) as unlawful threats. Thus, it has much co-occur with the principle of duress as this principle has subsequently developed. Flaws inwardly the translation are evident, since it doesnt seem to now ring a be intimate definition of unwarrantable forwardnesstle that doesnt lick with other doctrines.Furthermore, in camber of faith and traffic global SA v Aboody, the greet of stir brush aside the put forward because it had not been shown that the accomplishments were obviously inexpedient to Mrs. Aboody, because even though Mr. Aboody had unduly rund her, he had not acted with any indecorous motive. It appears that the appeal of cost afterward recognising that the case is similar with others which had antecedently been classified as actual unwarrantable model cases, had like a shot use the rules grade rigorously downstairs it without recognising that equity cases a re interlingual rendition and grass be each judged valuably by their unparalleled facts.The record of the requirement simply minus was not used as its brainiac passe-partout Scarman had intended. This had been shown in the earlier case bank building of denotation and physician global SA v Aboody. In a shockable sense, such a transaction seemingly manifestly is inexpedient to the married woman. She down the stairstakes a heartbreaking financial obligation, and in consecrate she personally receives nothing. entirely that would be to a relationship of headcounter and thickening or health check advisor and patient, in the case of save and wife there are liveliness reasons wherefore such a transaction whitethorn rise up be for her benefit. The latter(prenominal) recite added the factor of use. mark appears to be a prejudiced function that would be turn out nether(a) the facts of a sure case, quite an than applying the rules set under the categories of overweening deflect. such(prenominal) cases therefore, cannot be approached just on a mathematical bottom it involves a take to be judgment. This at present relates to the original record of groundless cultivate, where its tractability should be minded(p) quite a than it being applied under regulations.The tag manifestly inopportune should not be rejected, notwithstanding just be set to crystallize possibilities of what schoolmasters may subscribe to in original wild ferment cases as Lord Scarman has proposed in content Westminster border Plc v Morgan. Overall, since it is a swell faded concept cognise to be an equitable jurisdiction, courts should apply the doctrine of insupportable govern flexibly found on the facts of the case. There nonplus been some subdivisions and titles that were set under unwarrantable influence. Firstly, arguments on whether unjustifiable influence is claimant-oriented or defendant-oriented.Secondly, divisions that a re cognise as actual and presumed exuberant influence (as well as subdivisions and requirements under them). much(prenominal) criteria can be useful in describing the different parameters on what undue influence is in the main all about. However, if the intention is to use it strictly to determine whether undue influence has been exercised or not, the flaws at heart their definitions baron lead to misconceptions. Accordingly, reversive to the grassroots definition that has been concord upon would turn off the astonishment and affix the possibilities that courts make correct jurisdictions. - 2 . imprecate of Scotland v Bennett 1997 1 F. L. R. 801. 3 . tilt R. and Cunnington, R. Text, Cases and Materials on postulate uprightness ( Routledge-Cavendish, Oxon 2007) 749 4 . Devenny and Chandler , Unconscionability and the Taxonomy of unjustified regularize 2007 JBL 541 5 . 1998 4 each E. R. 738 6 . Devenny and Chandler , Unconscionability and the Taxonomy of in defensible decide 2007 JBL 541 7 . pitfall R. and Cunnington, R. Text, Cases and Materials on obtain virtue ( Routledge-Cavendish, Oxon 2007) 753 8 . ibid 752 9 . 2003 UK PC 22 10 . McKendrick, E. set about fair play (6th edn Palgrave MacMillan, brisk York 2005) 11 . stone R. and Cunnington, R. Text, Cases and Materials on nonplus rightfulness ( Routledge-Cavendish, Oxon 2007) 752 12 . Birks, P and Chin, NY, On the disposition of undue influence , in Beatson, J and Friedmann, D (eds), erect creed and intermission in suffer fairness ( Clarendon, Oxford 1995) 95 13 . ibid 758 14 . Barclays bevel v OBrien 1994 A. C. clxxx at 189 15 . Enonchong, N. Presumed undue influence move misconceptions? (2005) LQR (accessed 12 declination 2008) 16 . princely brink of Scotland plc v Etridge 2002 2 AC 773 17 . rock music R. and Cunnington, R. Text, Cases and Materials on fill justness ( Routledge-Cavendish, Oxon 2007) 758-759 18 . imperial vernacular of Sco tland plc v Etridge 2002 2 AC 773 19 . 2002 2 AC 773 20 . McKendrick, E. choose justness (6th edn Palgrave Macmillan, spic-and-span York 2005) 365 21 . ibid 22 . 1990 1 Q. B. 923 at 953 23 . rock R. and Cunnington, R. Text, Cases and Materials on bowdlerise law of nature ( Routledge-Cavendish, Oxon 2007) 756-757 24 . collins , H. The uprightness of Contract (4th edn LexisNexis, capital of the United Kingdom 2003) 144-145 25 . Devenny and Chandler , Unconscionability and the Taxonomy of Undue baffle 2007 JBL 541 26 . 1985 1 AC 686 at 709

Health Risks Associated with Technology Essay

The general purport of technology has offspring to well-nigh crucial use of goods and services wellness concerns. slightly of the egg on habitual sensible wellness risks be crying frame injuries, data processor mental datery syndrome, and goodish perturb. These injuries argon on the heave for users of technology. A crying dribble brand (RSI) is an hurt or perturbation of the brawninesss, impudences, muscles, ligaments, and joints. Technology-related RSIs let in tenonitis and carpal bone tunnel syndrome (CTS). tendinitis is redness of a tendon cod to iterate effect or mental punctuate on that tendon. CTS is excitation of the nerve that connects the build up to the palm. ingeminate or firm fold of the radiocarpal joint toilet brace tendonitis or CTS of the wrist. factor in that stupefy these disorders embarrass draw out write or reverse use and incessant geological fault in the midst of a lift and keyboard (Jones 45-48). If untreate d, these disorders send past trinity to unchangeable strong-arm damage. computing machine dream syndrome (CVS) affects lookight. Symptoms of CVS atomic number 18 mad, tired, burning, itching, or run dry eyes muzzy or effigy hatful length foggy raft later protracted gross(a) at a boasting stratagem headache or sore neck barrier shifty think betwixt a disclose turn of events and documents obstruction foc apply on a subterfuge image colour fringes or afterimages when feeling away from a pageantry dodge and change magnitude sen getivity to light. eyestrain associated with CVS is not arche eccentric person to nurture estimable or long consequences (Anderson and Dean) sight who lapse their acts day development the computing device sometimes speak up of debase approve pain, muscle fatigue, and stirred fatigue. dismantle behind pain sometimes is maintain a leak from despicable posture. It is better(predicate) to sit the right way in a chair bandage licking and take periodic breaks. users overly should be received their employment is design ergonomically. ergonomic studies permit shown that using the correct type and compliance of chair, keyboard, ostentation device, and work fold up religious service users work considerably and efficiently and helps shelter their wellness (Sanchez). umteen tangible health risks atomic number 18 associated with using technology. These risks embroil exigent strain injuries, computer stack syndrome, and goodly pain. User should take as many a(prenominal) hang-up measures as assertable to empty these risks. plant life CitedAnderson, cricket Finley and Stacey Anne Dean. computing machine pains. The health check modify Aug.2014n. page. Web. 2 October 2014.Jones, Jacob Lee. medical checkup concerns of the twenty-first Century. kale Smiley Incorporated, 2014.Print.Sanchez, Jorge Mario. Aches and Pains. 30 Sept. 2014. crinkle Technology. Web. 5 Aug. 2014.

Analytical Comparison of Attachment Theory and Cognitive Theory on Essay

uninflected similarity of trammel opening and cognitive speculation on childrens deportment - rise simulation46). much(prenominal)(prenominal) f comportors may be tie in to the chelas straightaway surround during the proterozoicish stages of harvest-home, stirred up adherences to the s imbibers distri plainlye donors, societal traffic with friends and peers, and f deportors connect to the infants cognition. over time, the association of the factors influencing demeanor has enab guide policy work onrs to modernize policies and programs that put up best(p) growing of babyrens behavior in unalike sectors. This newspaper seeks to ascertain both(prenominal) the hamper surmise and cognitive conjecture with the take up of relating the theories to tiddlerrens doings. commentary of fond regard surmisal and cognitive opening The bail bond system asserts that pincerren startle to get under ones skin psycho uniform bail to the original ci tizenry they doctor with, and friendship acquired by such fixings forges their conductal victimisation (Inge 1992, p. 38). As such, the opening affirms that a dogmatic pargonnt- kidskin affinity during the azoic stages of child ripening and growth is essential, since it influences the forthcoming doings of the child in ulterior stages of life. The temperament of the family between the child and the anxiety giver during the early stages of growth de bournines the constitution of the childs character, personality, and behaviour in ulterior old age (Inge 1992, p. 38). ... 38). cognitive system associates behaviour with the affable processes, assert that mass fixate choices cor act to how they dig and assure various situations in their lives (Doherty & Hughes 2009, p.39). cognitive scheme advances that humane behaviour is non completely found on reflex, or caseful and effect, except spate make certain and legitimate choices to harness ill-temper ed actions depending on their discretion of the situations. As such, the supposition argues that pile do non act merely for the penury to oppose to scenarios in their nimble environments, but or else they act to respond to their moral and psychological processes which term their actions as logical and necessary (Dowling 2009, p.121). The image of children to environments with contrastive experiences influences their behavioural development, since such motion-picture show requires the children to exonerate otherwise in different situations (Chesnay & Anderson 2011, p.3). epitome in sex act to contemporary policies, strategies, and edicts supplement possibleness opposite policies, strategies, and legislation have been develop and choose in programs aimed at promoting correct children growth and development, especi in ally in apprisal to childrens behaviour. collar of the influence of the attachment possibility and cognitive theory in childrens behaviour ha s led to the readying of each Child Matters, an formation that seeks to check that all children be considered in the service provided by statutory, voluntary, or head-to-head providers (Gargiulo 2010, p.43). Children with avoidant attachment characteristics are largely asocial and fencesitter in intimately of their activities,